Neuroleptic Malignant Syndrome (NMS) is a rare but life-threatening reaction to antipsychotic (neuroleptic) drugs, characterized by severe muscle rigidity, high fever, altered mental status, and autonomic instability such as irregular blood pressure and heart rate. It is most commonly associated with dopamine receptor blockade in the central nervous system and may develop shortly after starting or increasing the dose of neuroleptic medications. Immediate medical discontinuation of the causative drug and supportive intensive care are essential for management.
Involuntary movements are abnormal, unintended body movements that occur without conscious control, often due to dysfunction in the brain, spinal cord, or peripheral nervous system. They may include tremors, tics, chorea, dystonia, or jerking motions and can result from neurological disorders, drug side effects, metabolic imbalances, or brain injury. These movements can vary in severity and may interfere with normal motor activities and coordination.