Podophyllotoxin is a naturally occurring lignan extracted primarily from the roots and rhizomes of plants like Podophyllum peltatum and Podophyllum hexandrum, known for its antiviral and antimitotic properties. Historically, it has been used in traditional medicine for centuries, particularly in North America and Asia, to treat warts and other skin growths. Its modern pharmaceutical relevance emerged in the mid-20th century when researchers isolated and studied it for its ability to inhibit microtubule formation, laying the foundation for the development of important anticancer drugs such as etoposide and teniposide. Today, podophyllotoxin is used topically for the treatment of genital warts and continues to inspire drug development due to its potent cytotoxic activity.
