Hydrocortisone is a corticosteroid hormone produced naturally by the adrenal cortex and is widely used for its anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. It was first isolated in the 1930s during research on adrenal gland hormones and their role in metabolism and stress response. Hydrocortisone was among the first glucocorticoids to be synthesized and introduced for medical use in the 1940s. It quickly became a key treatment for inflammatory and autoimmune conditions, including arthritis, eczema, and asthma. The drug works by reducing inflammation, suppressing immune responses, and regulating metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. Over time, various topical, oral, and injectable formulations were developed to treat a wide range of conditions. Today, hydrocortisone remains a cornerstone therapy in both acute and chronic inflammatory disorders.
