Eltrombopag is an oral, small-molecule thrombopoietin receptor agonist (TPO-RA) that stimulates platelet production by binding to the transmembrane domain of the human TPO receptor. It enhances megakaryocyte proliferation and differentiation in the bone marrow, leading to increased platelet counts. The drug is mainly used in the treatment of chronic immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) in patients who do not respond adequately to corticosteroids, immunoglobulins, or splenectomy. It is also indicated for severe aplastic anemia, where it helps improve platelet levels and overall hematopoiesis. In addition, eltrombopag is used to treat thrombocytopenia in chronic hepatitis C patients, allowing them to initiate and maintain interferon-based antiviral therapy. By increasing platelet counts, it reduces the risk of bleeding complications. The oral route of administration improves patient compliance. Dose monitoring is essential to maintain safe platelet levels. Overall, eltrombopag is an effective therapeutic option for managing various thrombocytopenic conditions.
