Dihydroergotamine (DHE) is a semisynthetic ergot alkaloid derived from ergotamine that is mainly used to abort acute migraine and cluster headache attacks by activating serotonin, dopamine, and noradrenaline receptors to constrict blood vessels in the brain and interrupt pain pathways. Because it is poorly absorbed when taken orally, DHE is given by injection or as a nasal spray, providing an effective option for severe headaches or when triptans are ineffective, but it must be used cautiously due to cardiovascular risks and contraindications in pregnancy or patients with vascular disease.
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