Clomifene, often called clomiphene, is a medication in the class of selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) used mainly to help women with infertility issues caused by irregular or absent ovulation. It works by blocking estrogen receptors in the brain’s hypothalamus, which triggers increased release of hormones like gonadotropin‑releasing hormone (GnRH) and subsequently follicle‑stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), promoting the development and release of an egg during the menstrual cycle. This oral, non‑steroidal therapy is frequently prescribed to women with conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) to stimulate ovulation and improve the chances of conception. Clomifene is typically taken at the beginning of the cycle to encourage follicle growth and enhance fertility. It has been in clinical use for many years and is recognized globally, including on the World Health Organization’s List of Essential Medicines. The drug consists of isomeric forms that contribute to its mixed estrogen‑agonist and antagonist behavior. While primarily used in women, it has also been studied for potential effects on male hormonal balance and sperm production. Commonly reported side effects include hot flashes, visual disturbances, and abdominal discomfort. Because it affects hormone feedback systems, its administration should be supervised by a healthcare provider. Clomifene continues to be an important option in reproductive endocrinology for inducing ovulation and addressing specific infertility problems.
