Nicergoline is a semi-synthetic ergot derivative primarily used as a vasodilator to improve cerebral blood flow and treat cognitive decline associated with aging or vascular disorders. It functions mainly by enhancing neurotransmission, increasing oxygen and glucose utilization in the brain, and improving overall cerebral metabolism. Initially synthesized in the 1970s, nicergoline was developed as an alternative to other ergot alkaloids with fewer adverse effects, aiming to target vascular and cognitive impairments more effectively. Over the decades, it gained widespread use in Europe and parts of Asia for managing conditions such as dementia, stroke-related complications, and peripheral vascular diseases. Its pharmacological profile not only includes vasodilation but also neuroprotective effects, which contribute to its role in improving attention, memory, and cognitive performance in elderly patients. Despite being overshadowed in some countries by newer therapeutic options, nicergoline remains a notable example of how ergot derivatives were modified to optimize safety and efficacy for chronic cerebrovascular and cognitive disorders.
