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Fructose is a monosaccharide in the human diet that the body needs to metabolize. It is also called fruit sugar because it occurs naturally from fruits. It is also in honey, vegetables, and high fructose corn syrup used to manufacture soft drinks and food. Fructose is sweeter than sucrose.
USES:
• It is used in plastics manufacturing. Fructose is used in many cosmetics and skincare products.
• Fructose is a low-calorie sweetener used to enhance flavor, color, and texture in many food products, baked goods, canned fruits, jams, jellies, dairy products, and beverages.
• It is used in intravenous feeding in combination with dextrose and phosphoric acid to treat nausea and vomiting.
• It is also used as a food for diabetics.
• Fructose is hygroscopic, in which it absorbs water and helps extend the shelf life of foods like breads and bakery products.
• Fructose is used for testing reactions, culturing microorganisms, and as a reference standard in analytical chemistry.
• Fructose can be converted into hydroxymethylfurfural, which can be used as a diesel fuel additive or as diesel fuel.
DOSAGE:
Fructose is administered intravenously as an energy source during surgery. As it absorbs slowly from the gut and doesn’t cause any changes in blood sugar levels. It can be recommended in patients with uncontrolled diabetes, hepatic disease, and in the postoperative state.
• 10% solution of fructose is normally injected through intravenously saline for 60 minutes into 3 subjects—10 normal and 3 diabetics.
• The total amount of fructose administered from 0.9 g to 1.2 g/kg of body weight.
SIDE EFFECTS:
• Hyperlipidemia
• Atherogenic properties
• Ethanol metabolism
• Nausea
• Abdominal pain
OVERDOSE:
Taking an overdose of fructose can lead to some toxic effects
• Liver damage
• Kidney damage
• Inflammation
• Elevated blood pressure
PHARMACEUTICAL USES:
• Fructose is used in treating delirium tremens and also helps in preventing hypothermia by increasing metabolic heat production.
• It is given intravenously as a source of energy during surgery.
• It acts beneficial for patients with mild and well-balanced diabetes.
DERIVATIVE PRODUCTS:
• 5-keto-fructose, gluconic acid, and glucaric acid: Fructose can be oxidized into these compounds.
• Low carbon number compounds: Fructose can be converted into glycerol, glyceric acid, glycolic acid, and 1,2-propanediol.
• Hexitols: Frucose can be hydrogenated into sorbitol and mannitol.
• D-mannose: Fructose can be isomerized into D-mannose.
• Phosphate derivatives: Fructose-1,6-diphosphate, and fructose-1-phosphate are important for carbohydrate metabolism.
• D-hamamelose: Fructose can be stereo-specifically isomerized into D-D-hamamelose.
• Complex compounds: Fructose can be used in synthesizing complex compounds like amino- and thio-sugars, topiramate, and diacetone-beta-fructose.
• Furanic derivatives: Fructose can be converted into xylose or arabinose; these derivatives are used in solvents, biofuels, polymer production, textiles, and pharmaceuticals.
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