Clozapine is an atypical antipsychotic medication primarily used for the treatment of treatment-resistant schizophrenia. It is especially effective in patients who do not respond adequately to other antipsychotic drugs. Clozapine works by modulating dopamine and serotonin receptors in the brain, leading to improved control of psychotic symptoms. It has a unique clinical profile with lower risk of extrapyramidal side effects compared to typical antipsychotics. Clozapine is also used to reduce the risk of recurrent suicidal behavior in patients with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder. Due to the risk of agranulocytosis, its use requires strict blood monitoring. It may also help in managing severe psychosis associated with Parkinson’s disease. Clozapine has mood-stabilizing properties that can benefit certain patients with bipolar disorder. Its effectiveness makes it a gold standard for refractory cases. Despite its risks, clozapine remains an essential drug in psychiatry.
