Clarithromycin is a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from erythromycin. It works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis through binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit. The drug is effective against a wide range of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. It is commonly used in the treatment of respiratory tract infections such as pneumonia, bronchitis, and sinusitis. Clarithromycin is also indicated for skin and soft tissue infections. A major use of clarithromycin is in combination therapy for the eradication of Helicobacter pylori in peptic ulcer disease. It shows good activity against atypical pathogens including Mycoplasma and Chlamydia. The drug has improved acid stability and oral bioavailability compared to erythromycin. Clarithromycin is available in immediate-release and extended-release formulations. Overall, it is a widely used antibiotic due to its broad spectrum and favorable tolerability.
