Aprepitant is a selective neurokinin-1 (NK1) receptor antagonist used primarily to prevent chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). It works by blocking the action of substance P, a neurotransmitter involved in triggering vomiting, at NK1 receptors in the brain. Aprepitant is often used in combination with other antiemetics such as 5-HT3 receptor antagonists and corticosteroids for enhanced efficacy. It is effective in both acute and delayed phases of chemotherapy-induced nausea. Besides CINV, Aprepitant is also approved for postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). The drug is administered orally or intravenously depending on the formulation. It has a favorable safety profile, though mild side effects like fatigue and hiccups may occur. Aprepitant is metabolized in the liver via CYP3A4, so drug interactions need careful monitoring. It is considered highly effective in improving patient comfort and compliance during chemotherapy. Overall, Aprepitant is an important agent in modern antiemetic therapy.
