Aplastic anemia is a rare but serious blood disorder in which the bone marrow fails to produce enough red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. As a result, the body cannot carry sufficient oxygen, fight infections effectively, or control bleeding properly. The condition may be inherited or acquired due to factors such as autoimmune diseases, exposure to certain chemicals or radiation, viral infections, medications, or it may occur without a known cause (idiopathic). Common symptoms include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, shortness of breath, frequent infections, fever, easy bruising, bleeding gums, and nosebleeds. Diagnosis is based on blood tests showing low blood cell counts and a bone marrow biopsy confirming reduced marrow activity. Treatment depends on the severity of the disease and may include blood transfusions, antibiotics to prevent or treat infections, immunosuppressive therapy, growth factors to stimulate blood cell production, and bone marrow (stem cell) transplantation, which offers the best chance of a cure in suitable patients. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment are essential to improve survival, reduce complications, and enhance the patient's quality of life.