Prilocaine is a local anesthetic of the amide class, commonly administered for procedures such as infiltration, nerve blocks, and epidural anesthesia. It was first synthesized in the 1950s as a less toxic alternative to other local anesthetics like lidocaine, offering a lower risk of cardiovascular and central nervous system side effects. Prilocaine works by blocking sodium channels in nerve membranes, thereby preventing the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses. It is often combined with other agents, such as lidocaine or vasoconstrictors, to enhance onset and duration of anesthesia. Prilocaine is widely used in dental procedures, minor surgeries, and topical applications due to its efficacy and relatively safe profile. Its rapid onset and moderate duration make it suitable for procedures requiring short-term anesthesia.
