Imidacloprid is a widely used systemic insecticide belonging to the neonicotinoid class, known for its effectiveness against a broad spectrum of pests in agriculture and public health. It was first developed in the 1980s by the chemical company Bayer and introduced commercially in the early 1990s. Imidacloprid acts on the nervous system of insects by binding to nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, leading to paralysis and death, while exhibiting relatively low toxicity to mammals. Its introduction marked a significant advancement in pest management because of its high efficacy at low doses, soil and plant systemic activity, and versatility in various formulations such as seed treatments, foliar sprays, and soil drenches. Over time, imidacloprid has become one of the most widely used insecticides globally, though concerns about its impact on pollinators like bees have led to regulatory scrutiny and restrictions in some regions.
