All-rac-α-tocopherol, also known as synthetic vitamin E, is a fat-soluble antioxidant that protects cell membranes from oxidative damage by scavenging free radicals and preventing lipid peroxidation. It is commonly used as a dietary supplement, in fortified foods, and in pharmaceutical formulations to prevent or treat vitamin E deficiency. Chemically, it is a racemic mixture of eight stereoisomers (hence “all-rac”), in contrast to natural d-α-tocopherol, which contains only the biologically active RRR stereoisomer. Developed in the mid-20th century to provide a stable and cost-effective source of vitamin E, all-rac-α-tocopherol allowed large-scale production for nutritional and therapeutic use. Over time, it became widely adopted in medicine, food fortification, and cosmetics, valued for its antioxidant properties and its role in supporting cardiovascular, neurological, and skin health.
