Hematuria is the presence of blood in the urine and may be visible to the naked eye (gross hematuria) or detected only under a microscope (microscopic hematuria). It can result from various conditions, including urinary tract infections, kidney or bladder stones, kidney diseases, trauma, enlarged prostate, certain medications such as blood thinners, or tumors of the urinary tract. Depending on the underlying cause, it may occur with symptoms such as painful urination, frequent urination, flank pain, fever, or blood clots in the urine, although some people have no symptoms. Evaluation typically includes a urine analysis, blood tests, imaging studies, and, when indicated, cystoscopy to identify the cause and guide appropriate treatment.