Bipolar disorder is a chronic psychiatric disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of mania, hypomania, and depression, causing significant changes in mood, energy, activity levels, and behavior. During manic episodes, individuals may experience elevated mood, increased energy, decreased need for sleep, rapid speech, and impulsive behavior, whereas depressive episodes are marked by persistent sadness, loss of interest, fatigue, impaired concentration, and feelings of hopelessness. The disorder is believed to result from a combination of genetic, neurobiological, and environmental factors and can significantly affect social, occupational, and personal functioning. Management typically includes mood stabilizers, atypical antipsychotics, antidepressants (used cautiously), psychotherapy, and long-term follow-up to reduce relapse and improve quality of life.