Oxazepam is a short-acting benzodiazepine medication primarily used to treat anxiety, insomnia, and alcohol withdrawal symptoms. It works by enhancing the effect of the neurotransmitter GABA in the brain, producing a calming and sedative effect. Oxazepam was first synthesized in the 1960s as part of efforts to develop benzodiazepines with fewer side effects and lower potential for accumulation in the body, making it particularly suitable for elderly patients and those with liver impairment. Since its introduction, it has become a widely prescribed anxiolytic due to its effectiveness and relatively safer profile compared to longer-acting benzodiazepines.
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